Religious communities: analyzing and discussing religious polarization and extremism
Over the last twenty years, the European community had to deal with different and changing forms of radicalization, violent extremism and terrorist attacks. The liquid and hybridized form of present radicalization paths seems to indicate that research have to act like a “glow “ able to adapt continuously to this protean phenomenology. This process is more straightforward to say than to do, in fact, a common denominator of the national security and counter-terrorism policies all over the EU was the adoption of specific measures to counteract terrorist attacks in the first place (RAN, 2020). Indeed, violent religious extremism in the global context has helped create fertile ground for the growth of xenophobic and populist movements in several European countries (Marone e Vidino, 2019). In consequence of this, the terrorist attacks on European soil prompted the design and development of a new set of broader policies and strategies to address, or rather prevent, violent extremist radicalisation from its roots. Specifically, due to the nature of terrorist attacks, P/CVE policies have focused primarily on violent Islamic radicalization and jihadist terrorism, which remains perceived as the primary violent extremist threat for several European countries (see PARTICIPATION D3.1 for further details)
Community-based strategies and practices for preventing and countering radicalisation and polarisation
The current white paper is part of WP3 of the PARTICIPATION project, and it attempts to formulate specific policies to optimise strategies and interventions against extremism, hate cultures and radicalisation on three levels (micro, meso, macro). By realising the social lab methodology, partners from Italy (CESIE), the Netherlands (HSC), Greece (KMOP), Poland (PPHS) and Romania (PATRIR) identified and provided concrete recommendations for the prevention and the countering of violent extremism, radicalisation and polarisation in local contexts for enhancing the procedure and counteracting the phenomenon. The necessity for a coordinated response, the involvement of various perspectives and actors along with the promotion of relevant education and training programmes have been central to the recommendations of the current paper.
Comparative analysis of P/CVE policies and strategies
The purpose of task T3.1 `General framework. Comparative analysis of existing P/CVE policies` is to provide a comparative, in-depth, critical and multi-level analysis of existing policies in the field of prevention and countering of violent extremism (P/CVE) implemented in Europe over the last few years, assessing their aims and breadth, as well and their strengths and weaknesses. The main output of the comparative analysis performed under T3.1 is a collection of cases highlighting the best practices and lessons learned, which constitute a stepping stone for the task 3.2. and address the social lab participatory strategies.
Building resilience and prevention in schools
During their adolescent years, young people are in the process of learning, exploring different worldviews, and developing opinions. This is a period of growth and development which is centred on a process of identity construction, particularly in terms of beliefs, values, motivations, and personalities. It is a phase of life full of challenges within an interconnected and complex world that can lead to difficulties in orientation, and the search for strong cultural and value models capable of guiding them within various social realities. A time in their life’s that is often characterised by uncertainties, fears, guilt, and anxieties that can be exploited by extremist individuals and organisations, that offer the most vulnerable people divisive narratives based on an “Us vs. Them” or a "Them vs. Us" division of the world. These narratives frequently identify scapegoats for the hardships, suffering, and issues present in our societies, using stereotypes and conspiracy theories.